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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">steps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Шаги/Steps</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Shagi / Steps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-9410</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1765</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2412-9410-2024-10-2-85-107</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">steps-79</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПАМЯТЬ ОБ ОККУПАЦИИ И ХОЛОКОСТЕ: УСТНАЯ ИСТОРИЯ, ФОЛЬКЛОР, ЛОЖНЫЕ ВОСПОМИНАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEMORY ABOUT THE NAZI OCCUPATION AND THE HOLOCAUST: ORAL HISTORY, FOLKLORE, FALSE MEMORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Индустрия воспоминаний»: публичное воспроизведение и производство рассказов о Великой Отечественной войне</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“The memory industry”: Reproduction and production of public stories about the Great Patriotic War</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7872-5020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закревская</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakrevskaya</surname><given-names>E. Α.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Алексеевна Закревская, младший научный сотрудник, Центр славяно-иудаики</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, д. 32А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Α. Zakrevskaya, Junior Researcher, Center for Jewish and Slavic Studies</p><p>119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, Bld. 32А</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eazakrevskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белянин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyanin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Владимирович Белянин, исполнитель гранта РНФ № 23- 28-00796, Центр славяно-иудаики</p><p>119334, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, д. 32А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Belyanin, Grant Executor (no. 23-28-00796), Center for Jewish and Slavic Studies</p><p>119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, Bld. 32А</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergey.belyanin10@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт славяноведения РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Закревская Е.А., Белянин С.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Закревская Е.А., Белянин С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakrevskaya E.Α., Belyanin S.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/79">https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/79</self-uri><abstract><p>Очевидцы Великой Отечественной войны и носители реальных воспоминаний о ней на протяжении последних десятилетий занимали важное место в сохранении исторической памяти. В наши дни эти люди уходят из жизни, поэтому в современной России возникает потребность в институтах сохранения и передачи памяти о войне — но роль рассказа о личном опыте при этом не падает. В статье описывается складывание своеобразной «индустрии воспоминаний»: способов воспроизведения, а в некоторых случаях производства историй о войне. Рассказы ветеранов публикуются в интернете, используются для создания вернакулярных и государственных музеев, к ним обращаются как к элементу патриотического воспитания. Такое широкое использование рассказов ветеранов и других взрослых очевидцев влияет и на поколение детей войны: их воспоминания, фрагментарные в силу особенностей возрастной психологии, дополняются извне.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>People who were eyewitnesses of the Great Patriotic War and have real memories have been playing an important role in preserving historical memory in USSR and Russia over the past decades. For instance, WWII veterans used to visit schools and tell children about their paths in the military, Nowadays, when the war is 80 years in our past, these people are passing away. However, the role of personal experience in war stories did not decrease due to the death if the eyewitnesses. In modern Russia there has grown a need for institutions for preserving and transmitting the memory of this war. In this article we will explore that “memory industry”. By that term we mean some institutionalized ways and practices aiming to reproduce — or even produce — personal stories about war. Nowadays veterans’ stories are published on the Internet, used to create vernacular or state museums, and as a base for patriotic upbringing of the youth. Such widespread use of personal stories from veterans and other adult eyewitnesses also affects stories told by the next generation: “the children of war”. Their memories cannot be substantive and in-depth due to their youth, so their stories often are unintentionally supplemented from the culture: folklore or media.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>исследования памяти</kwd><kwd>память о Холокосте</kwd><kwd>память о Великой Отечественной войне</kwd><kwd>устная история</kwd><kwd>публичная история</kwd><kwd>ложные воспоминания</kwd><kwd>«протезная память»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>memory studies</kwd><kwd>oral history</kwd><kwd>public history</kwd><kwd>Holocaust memory</kwd><kwd>memory of the Great Patriotic War</kwd><kwd>false memories</kwd><kwd>prosthetic memory</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Статья подготовлена за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-28-00796, https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-00796.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>Project supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 23-28-00796, https://rscf.ru/en/project/23-28-00796.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ассман 2014 — Ассман А. 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