stepsШаги/StepsShagi / Steps2412-94102782-1765The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration10.22394/2412-9410-2023-9-2-104-122steps-73Research ArticleИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЫ И ВЛАСТЬ В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ИСТОРИИ ЕВРОПЫINTELLECTUALS AND POWER IN EUROPEAN POLITICAL HISTORYГальфрид Монмутский и бретонская аристократия в Англии XII в.: социально-политические контексты «Деяний бриттов»Geoffrey of Monmouth and Breton aristocracy in 12th century England: Social and political contexts of “On the deeds of the Britons”https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4513-7329МереминскийС. Г.MereminskiyS. G.

Станислав Григорьевич Мереминский - кандидат исторических наук доцент, кафедра всеобщей истории, Институт общественных наук

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Stanislav G. Mereminskiy - Cand. Sci. (History) Associate Professor, Department of General History, Institute of Social Sciences

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mereminskiy@gmail.comРоссийская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФРоссияThe Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public AdministrationRussian Federation20233101202592104122Copyright © Мереминский С.Г., 20252025Мереминский С.Г.Mereminskiy S.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/73

Статья посвящена реконструкции социального контекста сочинений Гальфрида Монмутского, одного из наиболее ярких представителей английского историописания XII в. Для этого анализируется корпус документов, в которых фигурируют сам Гальфрид и его вероятные патроны, а также текстологическая история сочинений историка, прежде всего «Деяний бриттов». Этот анализ позволил сформулировать ряд выводов. Сам Гальфрид с большой вероятностью принадлежал к семье бретонских иммигрантов в Англию, хотя прямых доказательств этого нет. Покровитель Гальфрида в 30–40-е годы XII в. Вальтер, архидиакон Оксфорда, входил в окружение англо-бретонского барона Бриана Фитц-Конта, придворного рыцаря короля Генриха I, а затем одного из главных сторонников императрицы Матильды. Наиболее вероятно, что именно через Бриана Вальтер и Гальфрид завязали контакты с графом Робертом Глостерским, братом «императрицы» Матильды, которому посвящен первоначальный вариант «Деяний бриттов». Возможно, именно через Бриана и его жену Матильду экземпляр книги Гальфрида попал в нормандское аббатство Бек, где его нашел в январе 1139 г. другой английский историк, Генрих Хантингдонский. Около 1141 г., возможно в связи с неудачами «анжуйской» партии и лично Бриана, архидиакон Вальтер начал налаживать контакты со сторонниками короля Стефана, в том числе с представителями рода Бомонов, одному из которых, Валерану, Гальфрид посвятил немного отредактированную версию «Деяний бриттов».

The article is devoted to reconstructing the social context of the works of Geoffrey of Monmouth, one of the most prominent 12th-century English historical writers. For this, a corpus of documents is analyzed, in which Geoffrey himself and his probable patrons appear, as well as the textual history of the historian’s writings, primarily the “On the deeds of the Britons”. This analysis make it possible to put forward a number of conclusions. Geoffrey himself most likely belonged to a family of Breton immigrants to England, although there is no direct evidence of this. Geoffrey’s patron in the 1130s and the 1140s, Walter, Archdeacon of Oxford, was part of the entourage of the Anglo-Breton baron Brian Fitz-Count, court knight of King Henry I, and later one of the leading supporters of his daughter, Empress Matilda. It is most likely that it was through Brian that Walter and Geoffrey got in touch with Robert, Earl of Gloucester, Empress Matilda’s brother and dedicatee of the original version of the “On the deeds of the Britons”. Perhaps it was through Brian and his wife Matilda that a copy of Geoffrey’s book came to the Norman Abbey of Bec, where it was found in January 1139 by another English historian, Henry of Huntingdon. Around 1141, possibly due to the failures of the ‘Angevin’ party and Brian personally, Archdeacon Walter began to establish contacts with King Stephen’s supporters, including with representatives of the Beaumont family, one of whom, Count Waleran, became the dedicatee of a slightly revised version of the ‘On the deeds of the Britons’.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.