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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">steps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Шаги/Steps</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Shagi / Steps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-9410</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1765</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2412-9410-2022-8-3-25-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">steps-72</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ И ПАМЯТЬ В КУЛЬТУРЕ: НАУКА, ИСКУССТВО, МЕДИА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY AND MEMORY IN CULTURE: SCIENCE, ART, MEDIA</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Воскрешение неандертальца и легенда о «снежном человеке»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Neanderthal resurrection and the Abominable Snowman legend</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4165-4604</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Неклюдов</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nekliudov</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Юрьевич Неклюдов - доктор филологических наук профессор, Лаборатория теоретической фольклористики, Школа актуальных гуманитарных исследований РПНХ и государственной службы при Президенте РФ; профессор, Центр типологии и семиотики фольклора, РГГУ.</p><p>119571, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 82, Тел.: +7 (499) 956-96-47; 125993, ГСП-3, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6, Тел.: +7 (495) 250-69-31</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey Yu. Nekliudov - Dr. Sci. (Philology) Professor, Center for Theoretical Folklore Studies, School for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, The RPANE and PA; Professor, Centre for Typological and Semiotic Folklore Studies, RSUfH.</p><p>119571, Moscow, Prospekt Vernadskogo, 82, Tel.: +7 (499) 956-96-47; 125993, GSP-3, Moscow, Miusskaya Sq., 6, Tel.: +7 (495) 250-69-31</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergey.nekludov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ; Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Russian State University for the Humanities</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Неклюдов С.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Неклюдов С.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nekliudov S.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/72">https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/72</self-uri><abstract><p>Начиная с 1870-х годов в европейском и американском общественном сознании получает широкую известность образ «доисторического человека». Его облик реконструируют палеоантропологи и анатомы; под руководством исследователей «первобытности» его воссоздают художники. Со страниц иллюстрированных журналов он глядит, как живой — волосатый, длиннорукий, сутулый, а писатели-фантасты допускают непосредственную встречу с ним. Европейские освоители Гималаев и Тибета конца XIX — начала XX в. были читателями этих журналов и книг, а их картина мира включала реконструированный облик неандертальца. Они легко могли бы опознать его при встрече и в этом смысле были к ней готовы. Встреча состоялась — реликтовый гоминид обнаружился в легендах о «снежном человеке» центральноазиатских высокогорий. Так возникла гоминология, занявшаяся поисками этого персонажа (в основном с 1950-х годов). Инструментом интерпретации местных фольклорных текстов явились смелые, но так и не подтвержденные палеоантропологические гипотезы: ни объект поисков, ни продукты его жизнедеятельности, ни его останки не были найдены, а значит, за данными текстами не стоит ничего, кроме локальных образов «низшей мифологии», хотя и весьма специфических.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Since the 1870s, the image of the ‘prehistoric man’ has spread widely in European and American public imagination. His appearance is reconstructed by paleoanthropologists and anatomists (Schaaffhausen, Solger, Martin); under the guidance of “primitive cultures” specialists (Lubbock, Boule) it is recreated by artists (Griset, Philippart, Kupka). From the pages of illustrated magazines (Harper’s Weekly, The Illustrated London News, etc.), the ‘reconstructed’ Neanderthal gazes very much alive — hairy, long-armed, round-shouldered, with a low forehead and sunken eyes. The possibility of a direct encounter with him has been put forward by science-fiction writers (from Jules Verne to Conan Doyle and Obruchev). Such ideas could not have arisen without the influence of Darwinism; they stemmed from the understanding that various biological species that appeared at different stages of evolution coexist in living nature, including relict forms. European explorers of the Himalayas and Tibet — military men, mountaineers, naturalists of the late 19th to early 20th centuries — were readers of these magazines and books, and their worldview included a reconstructed appearance of a Neanderthal. They could easily recognize him when they met, and in that sense they were ready for such encounter. And the meeting took place: the relict hominid was discovered in the legends about the ‘Abominable Snowman’ of the Central Asian highlands. This is how hominology was born, which began to research this creature (essentially, since the 1950s) and gather information about him. Audacious, but never confirmed, paleoanthropological hypotheses have been used as a tool for interpreting local folklore texts: neither the object of research, nor the products of his vital activity, nor his remains have been found, which means that behind these texts there are only local images of ‘lower mythology’, although very specific ones.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неандерталец</kwd><kwd>реконструированный облик</kwd><kwd>палеоантропология</kwd><kwd>гоминология</kwd><kwd>снежный человек</kwd><kwd>легенда</kwd><kwd>Гималаи</kwd><kwd>Тибет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Neanderthal</kwd><kwd>reconstructed appearance</kwd><kwd>paleoanthropology</kwd><kwd>hominology</kwd><kwd>Abominable Snowman</kwd><kwd>legend</kwd><kwd>Himalayas</kwd><kwd>Tibet</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research programme</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антонов 2011 — Антонов Д. 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