A lecture on Shakespeare from Vorlesungen Uber dram- atischen Kunst und Literatur (“Lectures on Dramatic Art and Lit­erature”) by A. W. Schlegel is published in Russian for the first time. Reflecting on Shakespeare from the point of view of roman­tic drama, Schlegel challenges the ideas of French classicists who considered Shakespeare a drunken barbarian and a savage as in his works he didn't follow the principles described by Aristotle in his “Poetics”. Echoing Lessing who believed that Voltaire and the classicists were wrong in their understanding of Aristotle, Schlegel encourages critics and readers to carefully listen to the voice of the Elizabethan epoch and not to judge Elizabethans from the view­point of their century, thus imposing upon Shakespeare's epoch rules and ideas weird and unknown to it. Schlegel also discusses the making of national theatre traditions in Europe and shows the affinity between the English and the Spanish theatre as opposed to the French and Italian ones. In his “Lectures” Schlegel widely uses the comparative method, as yet unknown to the epoch: its theoreti­cal ideas would later be formulated by Goethe who was the first to speak of the dominance of world literature over national tradition and of Shakespeare's influence on the development of world theatre (“Shakespeare und kein Ende”).