stepsШаги/StepsShagi / Steps2412-94102782-1765The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration10.22394/2412-9410-2023-9-2-86-101steps-63Research ArticleИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЫ И ВЛАСТЬ В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ИСТОРИИ ЕВРОПЫINTELLECTUALS AND POWER IN EUROPEAN POLITICAL HISTORYНа страже прошлого: жития местночтимых святых в контексте англо-валлийского противостояния конца XI — XII в.On guard of the past: The Lives of locally venerated saints in the context of the Anglo-Welsh confrontation at the end of the 11th — 12th centuryhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4575-9718ГусаковаА. В.GusakovaA. V.

Анна Викторовна Гусакова - cтажер, Лаборатория античной культуры, Школа актуальных гуманитарных исследований, Институт общественных наук

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Anna V. Gusakova - Trainee, Centre for Classical Studies, School for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, Institute of Social Sciences

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purawallia@mail.ruРоссийская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФРоссияThe Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public AdministrationRussian Federation2023310120259288103Copyright © Гусакова А.В., 20252025Гусакова А.В.Gusakova A.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/63

Во второй половине XI в., завершив политическое завоевание Англии, Вильгельм I предпринял попытку установить контроль над местной Церковью. Для этого он инициировал в своих новых владениях религиозную реформу, проводниками которой стали архиепископ Кентерберийский Ланфранк (1070–1089 гг.) и его последователи. Реформа, направленная против «старого» духовенства, поставила под угрозу положение многих религиозных центров, связанных с местночтимыми культами. Реакцией на нее стало появление волны житийной литературы, предназначенной легитимизировать как сам культ, так и статус общины, представляющей святого. Статья посвящена анализу основных черт и оценке политической роли агиографии конца XI — начала XII в. на примере житий свв. Давида и Беуно, направленных против преобразований Ланфранка и его преемников. С начала XII по начало XIII в. обращение к образу св. Давида и его житие были основными инструментами епископов Сент-Дэвидса в борьбе за получение равного с Кентербери статуса, который позволил бы снять вопрос о подчинении валлийского духовенства английскому архиепископу. Каждый этап противостояния сопровождался появлением новой редакции текста. Житие же св. Беуно, имевшее признаки актуализации в начале XII в., выражало опасения местных религиозных общин потерять часть доходов из-за активных военных действий на востоке Уэльса. Несмотря на все усилия, предпринимаемые валлийским духовенством, к концу XIII в. влияние короля Англии и английских церковных иерархов на местные диоцезы было уже неоспоримо.

In the second half of the 11th century, having completed the political conquest of England, William I undertook to establish control over the local church. To do this, he initiated a religious reform in his new possessions, which was led by the Archbishop of Canterbury Lanfranc (1070–1089) and his followers. This reform, directed against the “old” clergy, endangered the position of many religious centers associated with local cults. The reaction to it was the emergence of a wave of hagiographic literature, designed to legitimize both the cult itself and the status of the community representing the saint. The article is devoted to the analysis of the main features and assessment of the political role of hagiography of the late 11th — early 12th centuries, based on the case of the Lives of St. David and St. Beuno, which were directed against the reforms of both Lanfranc and his successors. From the beginning of the 12th to the beginning of the 13th century the appeal to the image of St. David and his Life were the main tools of the bishops of St. Davids in their struggle to gain the status of an archbishopric, which would remove the issue of the subordination of the Welsh clergy to Canterbury. Each stage of the confrontation was accompanied by the appearance of a new edition of the text. The Life of St. Beuno, which displayed signs of actualization at the beginning of the 12th century, expressed the fear of local religious communities to lose part of their income due to active hostilities in East of Wales. Despite all the efforts of the Welsh clergy, by the end of the 13th century the influence of the king of England and English church hierarchs on local dioceses was already unquestionable.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.