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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">steps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Шаги/Steps</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Shagi / Steps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-9410</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1765</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2412-9410-2021-7-2-93-114</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">steps-585</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Текст как метафора и как артефакт: почему структурализм не прижился в египтологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Text as metaphor and as artifact: Why Structuralism was rejected by Egyptology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александрова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexandrova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">al-katerin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian State University for the Humanities</aff></aff-alternatives><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>93</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Александрова Е.В., 1970</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1970</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Александрова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alexandrova E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/585">https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/585</self-uri><abstract><p>Несмотря на попытки применить базовые интуиции лингвистического поворота и структурализма к анализу памятников египетской религии и литературы, предпринимавшиеся египтологами в 1960-1970-е годы, этот подход в египтологии не прижился. В статье показано, что инициатива привлечения структуралистской методологии исходила с методологического и географического египтологического «пограничья»: часть исследователей имела религиоведческий бэкграунд, часть получала образование в университетах, имевших сильную структуралистскую традицию, таких как Женевский университет или Карлов университет в Праге. Можно сказать, структурализм не был воспринят «нормальной» египтологией, где традиционно более сильны филологический и антропологический подходы. В то же время, пропустив лингвистический поворот, египтология не усвоила и поворот к тексту - язык и текст так и не стали для нее продуктивными метафорами, задающими парадигму описания и сравнения не только вербальных, но и визуальных и акциональных культурных практик. В то же время подход, позволяющий рассматривать тексты заупокойной литературы и ритуальные практики как гомологичные, а не иерархически организованные системы, все еще востребован в исследовании египетской религии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>‘Myth as language' and ‘culture as text' metaphors were productive in the humanities for interpretation of mythological and religious traditions since the middle of the 20th century. In this milieu some attempts to apply basic assumptions of structuralism to the monuments of Egyptian religion and literature were undertaken by scholars in the 1960s and 1970s. However, they did not have a lasting effect, and structuralism was mostly rejected by Egyptology. This essay highlights the fact that the initiative of structural analysis emerged in Egyptology in marginal zones. Some of its proponents had a background in religious studies, some were graduates of universities with a strong structuralist tradition such as the University of Geneva and Charles University in Prague. We would say that structuralism was not accepted by mainstream or ‘normal' Egyptology where philological and anthropological approaches traditionally hold strong positions. Meanwhile, without a linguistic turn no textual turn occurred in Egyptology as well. Language and text did not become productive metaphors which could project a new interpretative framework for description and comparison not only of verbal but of visual and actional messages. However, this approach still can produce valuable results in the analysis of Egyptian mortuary literature, which was born in the interplay between myth and ritual and was highly sensitive to its architectural and decorative context.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>культурный поворот</kwd><kwd>лингвистический поворот</kwd><kwd>структурализм</kwd><kwd>история египтологии</kwd><kwd>мифология Древнего Египта</kwd><kwd>материальный поворот</kwd><kwd>текст культуры</kwd><kwd>материальность текста</kwd><kwd>философия науки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>linguistic turn</kwd><kwd>textual turn</kwd><kwd>History of egyptology</kwd><kwd>structuralism</kwd><kwd>Egyptian mythology</kwd><kwd>material turn</kwd><kwd>cultural texts</kwd><kwd>materiality of texts</kwd><kwd>philosophy of science</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
