<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">steps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Шаги/Steps</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Shagi / Steps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-9410</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1765</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">EHYHSR</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">steps-293</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Книжник Соломон Дольник: сионист между сионистами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bookman Solomon Dolnik: A Zionist between Zionists</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9411-4102</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеленина</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelenina</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Светлояровна Зеленина, кандидат исторических наук доцент, кафедра иудаики; старший научный сотрудник, Лаборатория историко-культурных исследований</p><p>125009, Москва, ул. Моховая, д. 11, стр. 1</p><p>119571, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 82</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina Svetloyarovna Zelenina, Cand. Sci. (History) Associate Professor, Department of Jewish Studies; Senior Researcher, Center for Cultural Studies, School for Advanced Studies in the Humanities</p><p>125009, Moscow, Mokhovaya Str., 11, Bld. 1</p><p>119571, Moscow, Prospekt Vernadskogo, 82</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galinazelenina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова; Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University; The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зеленина Г.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зеленина Г.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zelenina G.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/293">https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/293</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена биографии и автобиографиям еврейского активиста в Советском Союзе Соломона Борисовича Дольника (1901–1986), практически в одиночку занимавшегося подпольным сионистским самиздатом в 1960–1966 гг. и осужденного за «антисоветскую агитацию и пропаганду» на четыре года лагерей. Рассматриваются как спорные моменты в биографии Дольника — в каких отношениях он был с другими активистами, за что именно был осужден, чем объясняется не слишком радушный прием, оказанный ему в Израиле, — так и особенности его автоконцепции и автобиографического письма. Значение статьи прежде всего в освещении забытой фигуры, в восстановлении еще одной страницы из истории еврейского движения в СССР, начало которого традиционно относят к более позднему времени; кроме того, делается ряд наблюдений о мировоззрении Дольника, применимых и к другим национально ориентированным советским евреям, и об особенностях конструирования автобиографического нарратива.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the life-story and autobiographical writing of Solomon Borisovich Dolnik (1901–1986), a Jewish activist in the Soviet Union who practically single-handedly engaged in underground Zionist samizdat during 1960–1966 and was sentenced to four years in a labor camp for “anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda.” The article examines both the controversial aspects of Dolnik’s biography — his relationship with other activists before and after his trial, the actual reasons for his conviction, the background for the uncordial reception he received in Israel — and the idiosyncrasies of his conception of himself and his life writing. The article is primarily intended to highlight a forgotten historical figure, restoring another page in the history of the Jewish national movement in the USSR, the beginning of which, due to the almost complete replacement of the activist cohorts, is usually attributed to a later period. In addition, some observations are made as to how Dolnik (and this might be applicable to other Zionists of his generation) assessed the Jewish destiny in the USSR, the disposition of his fellow Jews, the abilities and determination of Jewish youth and activists among them. Another focus of the paper is the way Dolnik has constructed his autobiographies as both a manifesto, a polemics, an accusation, and an auto-apology.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>автобиография</kwd><kwd>антисемитизм</kwd><kwd>еврейское национальное движение</kwd><kwd>Израиль</kwd><kwd>исправительно-трудовой лагерь</kwd><kwd>отказники</kwd><kwd>самиздат</kwd><kwd>сионизм</kwd><kwd>советское еврейство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autobiography</kwd><kwd>antisemitism</kwd><kwd>corrective labor camp</kwd><kwd>Israel</kwd><kwd>Jewish national movement</kwd><kwd>refuseniks</kwd><kwd>samizdat</kwd><kwd>Soviet Jewry</kwd><kwd>Zionism</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Статья подготовлена в рамках научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research program.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Векс 2012 — Векс М. Жизнь как квеч. Идиш: язык и культура / Пер. с англ. А. Фруман. М.: Текст, 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernstein, M. A. (1994). Foregone conclusions: Against apocalyptic history. Univ. of California Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зеленина 2015 — Зеленина Г. «У меня свое хобби — я коллекционирую евреев»: поиски идентичности на досуге // Теория моды: одежда, тело, культура. № 36. 2015. С. 160–223.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katz, J. (1975). Was the Holocaust predictable? Commentary, 59(5), 41–48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зеленина 2022 — Зеленина Г. «Не допуская на губительные пути»: еврейское движение и воспроизводство нетерпимости // Профессионалы и маргиналы в славянской и еврейской культурной традиции / Отв. ред. О. В. Белова. М.; Бостон; СПб.: Academic Studies Press; Библиороссика, 2022. С. 179–229. https://doi.org/10.31168/2658-3356.2022.9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kostyrchenko, G. V. (2012). Tainaia politika Khrushcheva: Vlast’, intelligentsiia, evreiskii vopros [Khrushev’s secret policy: Power, intelligentsia, Jewish question]. Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Костырченко 2012 — Костырченко Г. В. Тайная политика Хрущёва: Власть, интеллигенция, еврейский вопрос. М.: Междунар. отношения, 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nurkova, V. V. (2009). Istoriia kak lichnyi opyt [History as a personal experience]. Istoricheskaia psikhologiia i sotsiologiia istorii, 2009(1), 5–27. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нуркова 2009 — Нуркова В. В. История как личный опыт // Историческая психология и социология истории. 2009. № 1. С. 5–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slezkine, Yu. (2004). The Jewish century. Princeton Univ. Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Слёзкин 2005 — Слёзкин Ю. Эра Меркурия. Евреи в современном мире / Авториз. пер. с англ. С. Б. Ильина. М.: Нов. лит. обозрение, 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tuller, D. (1996). Cracks in the iron closet: Travels in gay and lesbian Russia. Faber and Faber.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernstein 1994 — Bernstein M. A. Foregone conclusions: Against apocalyptic history. Berkeley; Los Angeles; Oxford: Univ. of California Press, 1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wex, M. (2005). Born to kvetch: Yiddish language and culture in all its moods. St. Martin’s Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katz 1975 — Katz J. Was the Holocaust predictable? // Commentary. Vol. 59. No. 5. 1975. P. 41–48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zelenina, G. (2015). “U menia svoe khobbi — ia kollektsioniruiu evreev”: poiski identichnosti na dosuge [“I have a hobby — I collect Jews”: The search for identity as a pastime]. Teoriia mody: odezhda, telo, kul’tura, 36, 160–223. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tuller 1996 — Tuller D. Cracks in the iron closet: Travels in gay and lesbian Russia. Boston: Faber and Faber, 1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zelenina, G. (2022). “Ne dopuskaia na gubitel’nye puti”: evreiskoe dvizhenie i vosproizvodstvo neterpimosti [“Preventing from pernicious ways”: Jewish movement in the late Soviet Union and the reproduction of intolerance]. In O. V. Belova (Ed.). Professionaly i marginaly v slavianskoi i evreiskoi kul’turnoi traditsii (pp. 179–229). Academic Studies Press; Bibliorossika. https://doi.org/10.31168/2658-3356.2022.9. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
