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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">steps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Шаги/Steps</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Shagi / Steps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-9410</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1765</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2412-9410-2025-11-1-40-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">steps-240</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОВРЕМЕННОЕ ЭПИЧЕСКОЕ СКАЗИТЕЛЬСТВО</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современное состояние эпического сказительства и способы получения / передачи сакрального знания на Филиппинах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The current state of oral epic performing in the Philippines and ways of transmitting / acquiring sacred knowledge by singers and shamans</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8928-4844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Станюкович</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stanyukovich</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Владимировна Станюкович,  кандидат исторических наук ведущий научный сотрудник, зав.oтделом Австралии, Океании и Индонезии</p><p>199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria Vladimirovna Stanyukovich, Cand. Sci. (History)Leading Research Fellow, Chair of the Department of Australia, Oceania and Indonesia</p><p>199034, Saint Petersburg, University Emb., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mstan@kunstkamera.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Музей антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Станюкович М.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Станюкович М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stanyukovich M.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/240">https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/240</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья дает оценку современного состояния сказительства на Филиппинах – в вестернизированной христианской стране, коренные народы которой сохраняют шаманские верования и архаический ритуальный эпос. Под влиянием перевода горцев на стандарты христианского государства здесь на наших глазах происходят переформатирование связей эпоса с ритуальными циклами, отрыв от локальности, связывающей эпос с местными реалиями. «Эпос для богов/духов», который исполнялся с целью услаждения слуха богов-героев и получения от них помощи, преобразуется в эпос для людей. Язык сказаний упрощается; трансформируются, слабеют и постепенно исчезают ритуальные функции сказителя и самого акта исполнения; вырабатываются «развлекательные» версии. Для большинства эпических традиций мира названные процессы можно только гипотетически реконструировать. Рассмотрены способы передачи сакрального знания в народной традиции. Становление эпического певца, равно как и шамана и целителя, всегда предполагает обучение, однако часто осмысляется как дар, получаемый (обычно во сне) от «владельцев эпоса» – умерших или умирающих сказителей, покойных предков и/или обожествленных героев эпоса, иногда получение дара предполагает период «шаманской болезни». Рассматривается роль экстренного замещения в становлении сказителя. Основным источником служат полевые материалы автора. С 1990-х годов по 2024 г. велась полевая работа со сказителями коренных народов провинции Ифугао острова Лусон, сопоставительные материалы собраны на островах Минданао и Панай, привлечены данные, собранные у шаманов и народных целителей разных районов Филиппин и у бахнарических народов Камбоджи (полевые материалы автора 2015–2024 гг.).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>How do the ritual oral epics of the indigenous survive today in a highly westernized Christian country? The paper gives an overview of the current situation in the Philippines based on 30 years of fieldwork with the Yattuka and Tuwali Ifugao hudhud singers, compared to the data of fellow researchers of Mindanao and Panay oral traditions and interviews taken during field trips to Tboli, Sama Bajaw and Panay Bukidnon. The unique value of the Philippine situation is that it allows us to witness processes that can be only hypothetically reconstructed for most of world epics, such as: change, transformation and /or elimination of ritual connections of the epic, of ritual functions of the performance and the performer, conversion of ritual texts into oral literature for «entertainment». «Songs for gods» that were previously addressed to spirits in order to please them and gain their help, are being transformed into «songs for humans»; «deep words» of sacred ritual language are largely replaced by more common ones. Notwithstanding, the process of transmitting/acquiring the sacred knowledge of epic singing is still very much alive; it is basically similar to that of a shaman or a healer. In both cases learning from the elders is employed, but the tradition often does not concentrate on that, focusing on the notion of a sacred gift, received by an epic singer/shaman (usually in a dream) from the «epic owners»: dead or dying singers, ancestors and/or deified epic heroes. The process of formation of a new epic performer often implies «shamanic illness» at the very start and emergency replacement of an older singer at a later stage. Parallels between the formation of an epic singer and a shaman/healer are illustrated by field materials collected in the Philippines (1995–2024) and among the Bahnaric indigenous groups of Cambodia (2015–2024).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпос</kwd><kwd>Филиппины</kwd><kwd>передача дара</kwd><kwd>шаманская болезнь</kwd><kwd>полевые исследования</kwd><kwd>трансформация функций нарративов</kwd><kwd>экстренное замещение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>oral epic</kwd><kwd>Philippines</kwd><kwd>transmission of the gift</kwd><kwd>shamanic illness</kwd><kwd>fieldwork</kwd><kwd>transformation of functions</kwd><kwd>emergency replacement experience</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Азадовский 1932 — Азадовский М. К. Русские сказочники // Русская сказка: Избр. мастера: В 2 т. / Ред. и коммент. М. К. Азадовского. Т. 1. 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