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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">steps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Шаги/Steps</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Shagi / Steps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-9410</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1765</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2412-9410-2023-9-2-171-186</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">steps-206</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЫ И ВЛАСТЬ В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ИСТОРИИ ЕВРОПЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTELLECTUALS AND POWER IN EUROPEAN POLITICAL HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Франсуа Гизо vs Наполеон Бонапарт: два « героя» национальной истории</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rançois Guizot vs Napoleon Bonaparte: Two “ heroes” of national history</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-592X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таньшина</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tanshina</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Петровна Таньшина - доктор исторических наук, профессор, кафедра всеобщей истории, Институт общественных наук</p><p>119571, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 82</p><p>Тел.: +7 (499) 956-99-99</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya P. Tanshina - Dr. Sci. (History), Professor, Department of General History, Institute of Social Sciences</p><p>119571, Moscow, Prospekt Vernadskogo, 82</p><p>Tel.: +7 (499) 956-99-99</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tanshina-np@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>171</fpage><lpage>186</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Таньшина Н.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Таньшина Н.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tanshina N.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/206">https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/206</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена компаративному анализу деятельности двух французских политиков XIX в., Франсуа Гизо и Наполеона Бонапарта. На первый взгляд, Гизо — ученый-интеллектуал, либерал, убежденный пацифист, известный историк и один из непопулярных французских политиков — является полной противоположностью Наполеона Бонапарта, одного из самых противоречивых, но при этом одного из самых популярных героев французской истории: антилиберального и авторитарного правителя, полководца, пытавшего покорить огнем и мечом Европу. Однако внимательный сравнительный анализ показывает, что их многое сближало. Их судьбы неразрывно связаны с Революцией, оба они придавали огромное значение политике в области образования, оба понимали важность религиозного фактора, оба стояли у истоков единой Европы, хоть и предлагали действовать абсолютно разными способами. У обоих — очень непростая историографическая судьба. Эти важные вопросы находятся в центре внимания данной статьи.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of two French politicians of the 19th century, François Guizot and Napoleon Bonaparte. At ﬁrst glance, Guizot — a scholar-intellectual, a liberal, a convinced paciﬁst, a well-known historian and one of the most unpopular French politicians — is the complete opposite of Napoleon Bonaparte, one of the most controversial, but at the same time one of the most popular heroes of French history: an anti-liberal and authoritarian ruler, a general who tried to conquer Europe with ﬁre and sword. However, a careful comparative analysis shows that they had a lot in common. Their destinies were inextricably linked with the Revolution, both of them attached great importance to educational policy, both understood the importance of the religious factor, and both stood at the origins of a united Europe, although they proposed to act in completely different ways. Both have had a very difﬁcult historiographical fate. Guizot and Napoleon are also brought together by very contradictory assessments in historical science. The careers of both Napoleon and Guizot ended in a defeat. However, Guizot, a brilliant historian and paciﬁst, a theorist of the parliamentary regime, who tried to combine the idea of freedom with the idea of order, remained in history as an unpopular and unsuccessful minister. As for Napoleon, he triumphed even after his defeat. He may have won his most important battle, that is, the battle for historical memory. For all his ambiguity, Napoleon remains one of the main national heroes of France. These important questions are the focus of this article.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Франсуа Гизо</kwd><kwd>Наполеон Бонапарт</kwd><kwd>компаративистика</kwd><kwd>Французская революция</kwd><kwd>Первая империя</kwd><kwd>Реставрация и Июльская монархия во Франции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>François Guizot</kwd><kwd>Napoleon Bonaparte</kwd><kwd>comparative studies</kwd><kwd>the French Revolution</kwd><kwd>the First Empire</kwd><kwd>the Restoration and the July Monarchy in France</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research programme.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бовыкин, Чудинов 2020 — Бовыкин Д. 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