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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">steps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Шаги/Steps</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Shagi / Steps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-9410</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1765</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2412-9410-2023-9-1-141-162</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">steps-184</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩЕЕ МЕСТО: РИТОРИКА, ПОЛИТИКА, КУЛЬТУРНАЯ ПАМЯТЬ. «Общие места» и воображаемые сообщества</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Опыт борьбы с удушьем»: одна соматическая метафора в позднесоветских нарративах диссидентства и эмиграции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>«The experience of fighting suffocation»: A somatic metaphor in late Soviet narratives of dissidence and emigration</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9411-4102</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеленина</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelenina</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Светлояровна Зеленина – кандидат исторических наук доцент, кафедра иудаики, Институт стран Азии и Африки; старший научный сотрудник, Лаборатория историко-культурных исследований, Школа актуальных гуманитарных исследований, Институт общественных наук; доцент, кафедра теологии иудаизма, библеистики и иудаики</p><p>125009, Москва, ул. Моховая, д. 11, стр. 1;</p><p>119571, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 82;</p><p>125993, ГСП-3, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6</p><p>Тел.: +7 (495) 629-42-84;</p><p>Тел.: +7 (499) 956-99-99;</p><p>Тел.: +7 (495) 250-64-70</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina S. Zelenina – Cand. Sci. (History) Associate Professor, Department of Jewish Studies, Institute of Asian and African Studies; Senior Researcher, Center for Cultural Studies, School for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, Institute for Social Sciences; Associate Professor, Department of Jewish Theology, Biblical and Jewish Studies</p><p>125009, Moscow, Mokhovaya Str., 11, Bld. 1;</p><p>119571, Moscow, Prospekt Vernadskogo, 82;</p><p>125993, GSP-3, Moscow, Miusskaya Sq., 6</p><p>Tel.: +7 (495) 629-42-84;</p><p>Tel.: +7 (499) 956-99-99;</p><p>Tel.: +7 (495) 250-64-70</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galinazelenina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова; Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ; Российский государственный гуманитарный&#13;
университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University; The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Russian State University for the Humanities<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>141</fpage><lpage>162</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зеленина Г.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зеленина Г.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zelenina G.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/184">https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/184</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается кластер мотивов дефицита воздуха, затрудненного дыхания, удушья и удушения как один из важных топосов в автобиографических текстах инакомыслящих в Советском Союзе эпохи застоя, в том числе активистов еврейского движения и борьбы за эмиграцию. Обнаруживаются, во-первых, разновидности топоса в диссидентском дискурсе; во-вторых, зеркальная параллель в дискурсе провластном – мотив очистки воздуха родины за счет изгнания загрязняющих его чуждых советскому обществу социальных элементов; в-третьих, продолжение топоса в эго-документах, написанных в эмиграции, и, наконец, в-четвертых, его возможный фундамент в ухудшающейся экологической реальности и природоохранной риторике советской печати. Предполагается, что выбор авторами рассматриваемых текстов для обозначения невыносимости существования в Советском Союзе именно этой соматической метафоры из прочих возможных обусловливался прежде всего самой ее частотностью, каковая приводила к своего рода заражению удушьем и обеспечивала репродукцию топоса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the cluster of motives of air shortage, labored respiration, suffocation and strangling as one of the important topoi in autobiographical texts written by Soviet dissidents during the era of stagnation, including activists of the Jewish national movement who struggled for emigration from the Soviet Union. The topos has several variations in dissident discourse; it has a mirror parallel in pro-government discourse, i. e., the motive of purifying the air of the motherland by expelling foreign and hostile members of society who pollute it; it has a continuation in egodocuments written in emigration; and, finally, it may constitute a foundation in the deteriorating ecological reality and environmentalist rhetoric of the Soviet press which became increasingly conscious of environmental pollution during the 1970s. Besides such explanations as this topos being a possible reflection of environmental anxiety or a description of shortness of breath characteristic of depressive disorders to which some of the dissident authors were prone, it is assumed that the choice of this particular somatic metaphor among other possible ones in order to describe the unbearableness of living in the Soviet Union was primarily due to its very frequency, which led to a kind of suffocation epidemic and ensured the reproduction of the topos.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оттепель</kwd><kwd>застой</kwd><kwd>еврейское движение</kwd><kwd>еврейская эмиграция</kwd><kwd>диссиденты</kwd><kwd>чистки</kwd><kwd>загрязнение окружающей среды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the Thaw</kwd><kwd>the era of stagnation</kwd><kwd>Jewish movement</kwd><kwd>Jewish emigration</kwd><kwd>dissidents</kwd><kwd>purges</kwd><kwd>environmental pollution</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вайль, Генис 2001 — Вайль П., Генис А. 60-е. 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