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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">steps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Шаги/Steps</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Shagi / Steps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-9410</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1765</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2412-9410-2024-10-2-197-203</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">steps-168</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНТИЧНЫЙ МИР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD OF CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Pers. 3.39–43 and the Phalaris legend</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pers. 3.39–43 and the Phalaris legend</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7798-3022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зельченко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zeltchenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Всеволод Владимирович Зельченко, кандидат филологических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>отдел переводной литературы</p><p>0009; пр-т Маштоца, д. 53; Ереван</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vsevolod V. Zeltchenko, Cand. Sci. (Philology), Senior Research Fellow</p><p>Department for The Study of Translated Literature</p><p>0009; Mashtots Ave., 53; Yerevan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vsevolodzelcenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт древних рукописей им. Месропа Маштоца (Матенадаран)<country>Армения</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts (Matenadaran)<country>Armenia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>197</fpage><lpage>203</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зельченко В.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зельченко В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zeltchenko V.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/168">https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/168</self-uri><abstract><p>   Рассуждая о том, как укоры больной совести не дают покоя человеку, который не утратил понимания истинной добродетели, хотя и сошел с ее стези, Персий (3.39–43) приводит два хрестоматийных примера, связанных с Фаларидом и Дионисием/Дамоклом: если бы Юпитеру было угодно наказывать жестоких тиранов душевными муками, то страдания а) того, кого поджаривают в медном быке, или b) того, над чьей головой на роскошном пиру свисает меч, показались бы им пустяками. Традиционное понимание этих строк предполагает сразу несколько сильных логических «перескоков», которые справедливо отметили (хотя не совсем удачно попытались оправдать) Н. Радд и Р. А. Харви. Угрызения совести тиранов сравниваются с физическими страданиями не их самих, но их жертв; при этом ради равновесия двух exempla мучения Дамокла приходится считать изощренной пыткой, устроенной ему Дионисием, — уходя в сторону от того толкования, которое дают эпизоду с Дамокловым мечом Цицерон и Гораций (Дионисий демонстрирует своему подданному, насколько безрадостна жизнь деспота, который ежеминутно страшится покушения). Между тем ходу мысли Персия можно, как кажется, вернуть связность, предположив, что ст. 39 отсылает к той версии Фаларидовой легенды, согласно которой восставшие жители Агригента сожгли тирана в том же медном быке, в котором он сжигал других (ср. в первую очередь Ov. Ibis 439–440 — пассаж, близкий Персию в том числе и лексически). При такой интерпретации наказанием за преступления тиранов служит или жестокое возмездие по принципу ius talionis (Фаларид), или постоянный страх этого возмездия, отравляющий жизнь (Дионисий; именно он, а не Дамокл, выведен в ст. 40–41) — однако угрызения совести способны оказаться мучительней и того, и другого.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Discussing how the reproaches of a guilty conscience haunt a man who has not lost the understanding of true virtue despite having fallen from its path, Persius (3.39–43) alludes to two well-known examples associated with Phalaris and Dionysius/Damocles: if Jupiter wanted to punish cruel tyrants with mental anguish, the sufferings of (a) one who is roasted in a copper bull, or (b) one over whose head a sword hangs, would seem trifling to them. The traditional explanation of these lines suggests several strong logical ‘leaps’, rightly recognized (but justified with some difficulty) by N. Rudd and R. A. Harvey. The remorse of tyrants is compared to the physical suffering of their victims, not their own; at the same time, for the sake of the balance between the two exempla, the story of Damocles is forcibly interpreted as an elaborate torture inflicted on him by Dionysius, moving away from the interpretation that Cicero and Horace give to the episode with the sword (Dionysius demonstrates to his subject what life is like for a despot who constantly fears an assassination attempt). Meanwhile, it seems possible to restore coherence to Persius’ thought by suggesting that v. 39 refers to a version of the Phalaris legend according to which the rebellious citizens of Agrigentum burned the tyrant in the same copper bull in which he burned others (cf. first of all Ovid Ibis 439–440, a passage close to Persius also lexically). In this interpretation, the punishment for tyrants’ crimes is either talionic revenge (Phalaris) or the constant fear of retribution which poisons their life (for it is Dionysius, not Damocles, who is the protagonist of vv. 40–41); but the virtual torment of remorse can be more painful than both.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Персий</kwd><kwd>смерть Фаларида</kwd><kwd>Дамоклов меч</kwd><kwd>«Ибис» Овидия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Persius</kwd><kwd>Phalaris’ death</kwd><kwd>sword of Damocles</kwd><kwd>Ibis of Ovid</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barr, W. (Intro., Comment.) (1987). The Satires of Persius (G. Lee, Trans.). Francis Cairns.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barr, W. (Intro., Comment.) (1987). The Satires of Persius (G. Lee, Trans.). 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