stepsШаги/StepsShagi / Steps2412-94102782-1765The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration10.22394/2412-9410-2024-10-2-140-153steps-163Research ArticleАНТИЧНЫЙ МИРWORLD OF CLASSICAL ANTIQUITYTeaching and preaching in the Derveni Papyrus: observations on mantike techne in Archaic and Classical GreeceTeaching and preaching in the Derveni Papyrus: observations on mantike techne in Archaic and Classical Greecehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-0574АфонасинЕ. В.AfonasinE. V.

Евгений Васильевич Афонасин, доктор философских наук, профессор

Высшая школа философии, истории и социальных наук

236041; ул. Александра Невского, д. 14; Калининград

Evgeny V. Afonasin, Dr. Sci. (Philosophy), Professor

Higher School of Philosophy, History and Social Sciences

236041; Alexander Nevsky Str., 14; Kaliningrad

afonasin@gmail.comБалтийский федеральный университет им. И. КантаРоссияI. Kant Baltic Federal UniversityRussian Federation202402022025102140153Copyright © Афонасин Е.В., 20252025Афонасин Е.В.Afonasin E.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/163

   По свидетельству целого ряда античных авторов, в том числе и в составе недавно обнаруженного трактата Галена «О моих воззрениях», Протагор предлагал усомниться в отношении всего того, что касается богов и их сущности. Примечательным образом Филострат (Жизнеописания софистов 1.10.2) источник этого сомнения усматривает в «персидском воспитании» Протагора, так как, по его мнению, персидские маги, продолжая взывать к богам в своих тайных ритуалах, не признают это публично, опасаясь, что в противном случае люди, осознав, что их сверхъестественные способности связаны с божественными влияниями, перестанут к ним обращаться. Иными словами, так рассуждая, маги стремились не потерять работу. Следует ли нам принимать историчность этого странного сообщения Филострата или же считать его отражением типичного для эллинистической и римской историографии стремления усмотреть «восточный след» во всяком учении или искусстве? Ответить на этот вопрос нам может помочь знаменитое высказывание из Папируса из Дервени (кол. XX), фундаментальное для понимания авторства папируса. Мы увидим причины, по которым невозможно однозначно ответить на вопрос о том, был ли автор папируса практикующим τελεστής. Однако нам станет ясно, что он противопоставляет себя не практикующим мистерии (в том числе и профессионально), но тем, кто участвует в них, не понимая смысла происходящего и «даже не задавая вопросов». Напротив, он намерен дать ответы на возможные вопросы и раскрыть истинный смысл авторитетного текста экзегетическими средствами. Попытаемся мы ответить и на вопрос о том, с какой целью автор папируса стремился использовать различные космологические ассоциации. Имеем ли мы дело с древним «филологом-комментатором», или же, ассоциируя Зевса с воздухом, Мойру с пневмой, а Деметру и другие женские божества с землей, неизвестный автор стремится раскрыть тайну, намеренно скрытую в поэме и понятную лишь посвященным?

   According to a number of ancient authors, including the recently discovered treatise by Galen, “On my own opinions,” Prota goras suggested doubting everything that concerns the gods and their essence. Remarkably, Philostratus (Lives of the Sophists 1.10.2) sees the source of this doubt in Protagoras’ “Persian education” because, in his opinion, the Persian magi, while continuing to call on the gods in their secret rituals, would not admit it publicly, fearing that otherwise people, having realized that their supernatural abilities were linked to divine influences, would stop turning to them. In other words, in this way of reasoning, the magi were anxious not to lose their jobs. Should we accept the historicity of this strange message of Philostratus, or should we consider it a typical reflection of the Hellenistic and Roman historiographic stance to see an “eastern trace” in every doctrine or art? A famous statement from the Derveni papyrus (col. XX), which is fundamental to understanding its authorship, may help us answer this question. We will see the reasons why it is impossible to unequivocally answer the question of whether the author of the papyrus was a practicing telestes. However, it becomes clear that he contrasts himself not with the practitioners of the mysteries (including professional mantis), but with those who participate in them without understanding the meaning of what is going on and “without even asking questions.” On the contrary, he intends to provide answers to possible questions and to reveal the true meaning of the authoritative text by exegetical means. We shall also try to answer the question regarding the purpose for which the author of the papyrus sought to utilize various cosmological associations. Whether we are faced with an ancient philologically oriented “commentator,” or whether, by associating Zeus with air, Moira with pneuma, and Demeter and other female deities with the earth, he seeks to uncover the secret intentionally concealed in the poem and understandable only to the initiated?

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.