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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">steps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Шаги/Steps</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Shagi / Steps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-9410</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1765</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">VZMWMX</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">steps-1239</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>VARIA</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>NFT-арт: новые возможности для раскрытия созидательного потенциала агентности в сфере культуры</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>NFT art: New opportunities to unlock the creative potential of agency in culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5109-5949</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanaseva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Анатольевна Афанасьева кандидат наук в области искусства и дизайна научный сотрудник, Лаборатория исследований человеческого потенциала и образования</p><p>109028, Москва, Покровский б-р, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Anatolyevna Afanaseva Cand. Sci. (Art and Design) Researcher, Laboratory for Human Capital and Education Research</p><p>109028, Moscow, Pokrovsky Boulevard, 11</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iaafanaseva@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3910-2090</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокин</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokin</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Сергеевич Сорокин кандидат социологических наук доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник, зав. Лабораторией исследований человеческого потенциала и образования</p><p>109028, Москва, Покровский б-р, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel Sergeevich Sorokin Cand. Sci. (Sociology) Associate Professor, Leading Research Fellow, Head of the Laboratory for Human Capital and Education Research</p><p>109028, Moscow, Pokrovsky Boulevard, 11</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">psorokin@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>325–351</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Афанасьева И.А., Сорокин П.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Афанасьева И.А., Сорокин П.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Afanaseva I.A., Sorokin P.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/1239">https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/1239</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время стремительно увеличивается пространство художественной реальности, основанное на современных технологических разработках и системах массовых коммуникаций. В статье на основе обзора существующих научных и экспертных дискуссий, а также анализа отдельных новейших кейсов произведений искусства рассматриваются главные принципы NFT-искусства на различных этапах (создание, приобретение, хранение, распространение); выявляются особенности спроса на данный тип искусства; анализируются причины интереса к нему художников, коллекционеров и зрителей; проводится сравнительный анализ с традиционными форматами искусства. Особое внимание уделено новейшему NFT-искусству в России: проводятся обзор произведений (2021–2023 гг.) и анализ ряда ключевых проектов, наиболее масштабных и обсуждаемых. Авторы приходят к следующему выводу: важной характеристикой технологий NFT в искусстве выступает то, что они позволяют расширить возможности действия различных акторов в сфере культуры (художников, коллекционеров, зрителей), включая агентное действие, которое трансформирует существующие практики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, the layers of artistic reality based on technological developments and mass communication systems are rapidly expanding. Since 2021, there has been continuous growth in sales of NFT art. Based on a review of existing scientific and expert discussions, as well as an analysis of individual cases of artworks, the article examines the basic principles of NFT art at various stages (creation, acquisition, storage, distribution), studies the mechanisms of demand, analyzes the reasons for the interest of artists, collectors, and viewers in digital formats, and conducts a comparative analysis with traditional art formats. Special attention is paid to contemporary NFT art in Russia: an overview of works (2021–2023) and an analysis of key exhibition and curatorial projects are provided. The authors conclude that NFT technologies significantly expand the possibilities of agentic (proactive) action of artists. This is especially important at the current stage of societal evolution, which sociologists have proposed to call “neostructuration”, and which makes the individual agency of artists especially important not only for individual but also for collective well-being. Artworks on the Internet can be seen by millions of people. NFT art provides great opportunities for artists (self-expression, individualization, increased reach, independence from intermediaries), collectors (determination of authenticity, ownership rights; mobility of the collection; absence of costs for maintenance, restoration, transportation), and viewers (mass distribution, accessibility, ease of use, the opportunity to participate in the creation of a creative product and its distribution).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>NFT-арт</kwd><kwd>NFT-искусство</kwd><kwd>агентность</kwd><kwd>блокчейн</kwd><kwd>крипто-арт</kwd><kwd>проактивное действие</kwd><kwd>самостоятельность</kwd><kwd>современное искусство</kwd><kwd>цифровое искусство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>NFT</kwd><kwd>NFT art</kwd><kwd>agency</kwd><kwd>blockchain</kwd><kwd>crypto art</kwd><kwd>proactive action</kwd><kwd>independence</kwd><kwd>contemporary art</kwd><kwd>digital art</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-78-10182.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 23-78-10182.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Афанасьева 2023 — Афанасьева И. 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