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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">steps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Шаги/Steps</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Shagi / Steps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-9410</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1765</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2412-9410-2022-8-2-84-101</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">steps-122</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОТ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ПРАКТИК К ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FROM SOCIAL PRACTICES TO LITERATURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Жанровая прагматика шекспировской комедии «Бесплодные усилия любви»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genre pragmatics of Shakespeare’s comedy: Love’s Labour’s Lost</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шайтанов</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaytanov</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шайтанов Игорь Олегович - доктор филологических наук ведущий научный сотрудник, Лаборатория историко-литературных исследований, Школа актуальных гуманитарных исследований, РАНХиГС при Президенте РФ; профессор, главный научный сотрудник, Центр современных компаративных исследований, Институт филологии и истории, РГГУ; главный редактор, журнал «Вопросы литературы»</p><p>119571, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 82; 125047, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6</p><p>Тел.: +7 (499) 956-96-47; Тел.: +7 (495) 250-61-15; Тел.: +7 (495) 629-49-77</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor O. Shaytanov - Dr. Sci. (Philology) Leading Researcher, Сentre for Studies in History and Literature, School of Advanced Studies in the Humanities, The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Professor, Chief Researcher, Center of Modern Comparative Studies, Institute for Philology and History, Russian State University for the Humanities; Editor-in-Chief, journal Voprosy Literatury (Problems of Literature).</p><p>119571, Moscow, Prospect Vernadskogo, 82; 125047, Moscow, Miusskaya Sq., 6</p><p>Tel.: +7 (499) 956-96-47; Tel.: +7 (495) 250-61-15; Tel.: +7 (495) 629-49-77</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voplit@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ; Российский государственный гуманитарный университет; Журнал «Вопросы литературы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Russian State University for the Humanities; Journal Voprosy literatury (Problems of Literature)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шайтанов И.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шайтанов И.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shaytanov I.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/122">https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/122</self-uri><abstract><p>Под жанровой прагматикой автор понимает сочетание всех внешних условий, определяющих «непосредственную ориентацию слова ‹…› в окружающей действительности» (Бахтин / Медведев). Прагматика шекспировской комедии в значительной мере определяется тем, что произведения этого жанра изначально бывали заказаны для постановки в частном доме или при дворе. Их остроумие, по крайней мере в одной из своих функций, должно было представлять собой непосредственную реакцию на обстоятельства, известные аудитории и ее интригующие. Это был, разумеется, отклик короткой выдержки, потерянный за пределами данного пространства и времени или зависящий в своем понимании от академического комментария. Однако современная аудитория, полностью незнакомая с «непосредственной ориентацией» жанра, обречена на то, чтобы пропустить комический эффект и счесть пьесу не заслуживающей внимания. Тогда возникает потребность в реставрации, подобной той, что пережила в XX в. комедия «Бесплодные усилия любви», восстановленная в ее антипетраркистской направленности, новые аргументы для которой предложены в данной статье.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>By genre pragmatics the author understands the combination of all the external conditions that determine “the immediate orientation of the word in the surrounding reality” (Bakhtin / Medevedev). The pragmatics of Shakespearean comedy depends on the fact that most of his plays in this genre initially must have been commissioned for performance in a private house, or at court. Their wit, in at least one of its functions, had to represent an immediate reaction to circumstances known and intriguing to the audience. This was a short-lived response, either lost beyond this particular place and time, or dependent on scholarly commentary in academic editions. But the modern audience, completely unaware of the “immediate orientation” of the genre, is doomed to lose its pointedness and wit, and, consequently, to consider the play as not worthy of interest. There is a need then for a process similar to the one undergone in the 20th century by Lοve’s Labour’s Lost, restored in its anti-Petrarchan actuality. New arguments in favor of this restoration are further advanced in this article. Love’s Labour’s Lost is one of the most pragmatically loaded Shakespeare’s plays. Its reactions cover a vast field of European history, English court intrigue, and literary fashion where domestic and foreign politics are embodied in the parody of literary conventions. The religious unsteadiness of the French King Henry IV, famous in Europe, is doubled in the plot with its initial situation of a broken oath by the King of Navarre and his four courtiers who start by swearing not to see a woman for 3 years, devoted by them to study and meditation, but immediately break their pledge when obliged to meet the French Princess and her beautiful companions. Politics serves as a pretext for the demonstration of the fragility of Petrarchian conventions played out in real life.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прагматика</kwd><kwd>Шекспир</kwd><kwd>жанр</kwd><kwd>комедия</kwd><kwd>сонет</kwd><kwd>петраркизм</kwd><kwd>клясться</kwd><kwd>возносить хвалу</kwd><kwd>«Бесплодные усилия любви»</kwd><kwd>Генрих Наваррский</kwd><kwd>Саутгемптон</kwd><kwd>Эссекс</kwd><kwd>Овидий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pragmatics</kwd><kwd>Shakespeare</kwd><kwd>genre</kwd><kwd>comedy</kwd><kwd>sonnet</kwd><kwd>Petrarchism</kwd><kwd>to (out)swear</kwd><kwd>to praise</kwd><kwd>Love’s Labour’s Lost</kwd><kwd>Henry of Navarre</kwd><kwd>Southampton</kwd><kwd>Essex</kwd><kwd>Ovid</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research programme.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kerrigan 1982 — Love’s Labour’s Lost by William Shakespeare / Ed. by J. 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