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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">steps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Шаги/Steps</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Shagi / Steps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-9410</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1765</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">KXTEMS</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">steps-1165</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОММЕНТАРИИ К ДРЕВНЕМУ ТЕКСТУ: СТАРЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ И НОВЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMMENTARIES TO CLASSICAL TEXTS: OLD PROBLEMS AND NEW APPROACHES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метафора марионеток у Филона Александрийского (Abr. 73)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Puppet imagery in Philo of Alexandria (Abr. 73)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-8639</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никольский</surname><given-names>Б. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolsky</surname><given-names>B. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борис Михайлович Никольский, доктор филологических наук, член-корреспондент РАН ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий Лабораторией комментирования античных текстов; старший научный сотрудник, отдел переводной литературы</p><p>Москва, 121069, Поварская ул., д. 25а, стр. 1</p><p>Армения, 0009, Ереван, пр-т Маштоца, 53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris Mikhaylovich Nikolsky, Dr. Sci. (Philology), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Leading Research Fellow, Head of the Laboratory of Commenting on Classical Texts ; Senior Research Fellow, Department for the Study of Translated Literature</p><p>121069, Moscow, Povarskaya Str., 25A, Bld. 1</p><p>Republic of Armenia, 0009, Yerevan, Mashtots Ave., 53</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borisnikolsky@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт мировой литературы им. А. М. Горького РАН ; Институт древних рукописей им. Месропа Маштоца (Матенадаран)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature ; Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts (Matenadaran)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>150</fpage><lpage>161</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никольский Б.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никольский Б.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikolsky B.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/1165">https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/1165</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена пассажу из «Жизни Авраама» Филона Александрийского (Abr. 73), в котором автор прибегает к метафоре кукловода и марионеток, описывающей отношения как между умом и органами чувств, так и между Богом и миром. Обычно в этом пассаже видят образ автоматических кукол, которых, по мнению переводчиков, кукловод должен был приводить в движение, ослабляя нити и отпуская их на свободу, и останавливать, натягивая нити. Однако анализ параллельных мест, в которых Филон описывает механизм ощущений, показывает, что для него в момент ощущений ум приводит в движение органы чувств, «протягивая» к ним свои «силы», а не отпуская их на свободу. Такое описание соответствует иному кукольному образу — образу марионеток, которые кукловод приводит в движение, наоборот, натягивая нити, и останавливает, отпуская их. Именно такую метафору должно подразумевать и слово νευροσπαστεῖν, используемое Филоном по отношению к работе ума и ощущений в Quaest. in Gen. Ι, fr. 24. Образ управляемой марионетки позволяет Филону проиллюстрировать все три элемента ощущений: ум соответствует невидимому кукловоду, органы чувств — ведомым им куклам, а «силы» ума, направляемые от его к органам чувств, — это нити, за которые тянет кукловод.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article deals with a passage from The Life of Abraham by Philo of Alexandria (Abr. 73), in which the author uses the metaphor of a puppeteer and puppets to describe both the relationship between the mind and the senses and the relationship between God and the world. It is common to see in this passage the image of automatic puppets, which the puppeteer sets in motion by loosening the strings and giving them freedom, and stops by tightening the strings. However, an analysis of parallel passages in which Philo describes the mechanism of sensation shows that for him, at the moment of sensation, the mind sets the senses in motion by ‘reaching out’ to them with its ‘forces’ rather than by letting them go free. Such a description corresponds to another puppet image — that of marionettes, which the puppeteer sets in motion by pulling the strings and stops by letting them go. Just such a metaphor must also be implied by the word neurospastein, used by Philo in relation to the work of the mind and sensations in Quaest. in Gen. 1, fr. 24. The image of a controlled puppet enables Philo to illustrate all three elements of sensation: the mind corresponds to the invisible puppeteer, the senses to the puppets led by him, and the forces of the mind channeled from it to the senses are the threads pulled by the puppeteer.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Филон Александрийский</kwd><kwd>ощущения</kwd><kwd>ум</kwd><kwd>марионетки</kwd><kwd>автоматы</kwd><kwd>образ</kwd><kwd>стоики</kwd><kwd>платонизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Philo of Alexandria</kwd><kwd>sensation</kwd><kwd>mind</kwd><kwd>puppets</kwd><kwd>automata</kwd><kwd>image</kwd><kwd>Stoics</kwd><kwd>Platonism</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Статья выполнена по проекту РНФ № 24-18-01037 «Проблемы комментирования классических древнегреческих текстов» (2024– 2026).</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The research was supported by RSCF grant no. 24-18-01- 037, “Problems of Commenting on Classical Ancient Greek Texts” (2024–2026).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Annas, J. 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