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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">steps</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Шаги/Steps</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Shagi / Steps</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-9410</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1765</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">RQWIUC</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">steps-1115</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФОРМЫ КУЛЬТУРНОГО ГРАЖДАНСТВА В МУЗЕЙНОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Учить или развлекать: конструирование аудитории сотрудниками музеев в России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Instruct or entertain? Constructing audiences by museum staff in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3600-3214</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Анатольевна Власова, кандидат философских наук старший научный сотрудник,Международная лаборатория исследований социальной интеграции</p><p>101000, Москва, ул. Мясницкая, д. 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana Anatolievna Vlasova,  Cand. Sci. (Philosophy)Senior Researcher, International Laboratory for Social Integration Research</p><p>101000, Moscow, Myasnitskaya Str., 20</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tavlasova@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0336-0653</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обухов</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Obukhov</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константин Николаевич Обухов, кандидат философских наук старший научный сотрудник, Международная лаборатория исследований социальной интеграции</p><p>101000, Москва, ул. Мясницкая, д. 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin Nikolaevich Obukhov, Cand. Sci. (Philosophy) Senior Researcher, International Laboratory for Social Integration Research</p><p>101000, Moscow, Myasnitskaya Str., 20</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">knobukhov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">HSE University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>222</fpage><lpage>242</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Власова Т.А., Обухов К.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Власова Т.А., Обухов К.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vlasova T.A., Obukhov K.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/1115">https://steps.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/1115</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследование посвящено тому, как сотрудники музеев в России представляют своих посетителей в контексте развития культурной политики и изменения условий существования музеев. В статье музеи рассматриваются как сложные организации, предполагающие согласование экспертных форм знаний, определенных объектов и интересов посетителей с опорой на принципы организации музейной работы. Эмпирической базой исследования является корпус интервью с 33 музейными работниками из 21 музея 13 регионов России. Анализ выявил три типа музеев, основанных на различных эпистемах (в логике М. Фуко и Т. Беннета), в рамках которых могут быть представлены свои способы конструирования аудитории. К первому типу относятся музеи с сильной образовательной направленностью, существующие уже продолжительное время, поддерживающие традиционный формат экспозиции, которые рассматривают посетителей как реципиентов знания. В музеях второго типа отдается предпочтение развлекательным функциям, они часто возникают в постсоветский период, широко применяют интерактивные подходы в организации выставок и видят в посетителях клиентов, которые должны получать приятные впечатления. Наконец, музеи третьего типа, представленные в первую очередь художественными галереями и вернакулярными музеями, связаны с творческой ориентацией и развитием диалога. Они часто сотрудничают с локальными сообществами и рассматривают посетителей как активных участников в создании смысла экспозиции. Результаты показывают, что сотрудники музеев активно конструируют свою аудиторию через собственное понимание роли музея, специфику работы с экспонатами и способами взаимодействия в рамках выставочного пространства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study investigates how museum staff in Russia conceptualize their audiences in the context of evolving cultural policies and institutional requirements. The research addresses the complexity of museums as multifaceted organizations navigating the tension between preservation, education, and entertainment. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study analyzes 33 semi-structured interviews with museum professionals from 21 museums across 13 Russian regions, representing various types and ownership structures. The analysis identifies three different types of museums based on the dominant «episteme» guiding their operations and audience formation: those prioritizing educational values, those emphasizing recreational functions, and those focusing on creative engagement. Museums with a strong educational bias, often established during the Soviet era, tend to maintain traditional exhibition formats and view visitors as recipients of knowledge. Museums prioritizing entertainment, frequently emerging in the post-Soviet period, adopt interactive approaches and see visitors as customers seeking engaging experiences. Finally, creatively oriented museums, including art galleries and vernacular museums, often collaborate with local communities and view visitors as active participants in meaning-making. The findings reveal that museum staff actively shape their audiences through their understanding of the museum’s role, the design of exhibitions, and their interaction strategies. These processes are influenced by historical legacies, neoliberal cultural policies, and the increasing need for museums to engage with diverse publics. The study concludes by highlighting the varying approaches to audience construction in Russian museums and their implications for visitor engagement and museum development.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>музей</kwd><kwd>культурная институция</kwd><kwd>просветительская эпистема</kwd><kwd>развлекательная эпистема</kwd><kwd>посетители</kwd><kwd>вовлечение</kwd><kwd>сотрудники музея</kwd><kwd>выставочный комплекс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>museum</kwd><kwd>cultural institution</kwd><kwd>educational episteme</kwd><kwd>entertainment episteme</kwd><kwd>visitors</kwd><kwd>audience</kwd><kwd>participation</kwd><kwd>museum staff</kwd><kwd>exhibitionary complex</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Статья подготовлена при поддержке Российского научного фонда в рамках проекта «Культурное гражданство и локальная солидарность: опыт социальной инклюзии аудитории музеев России» (№ 22-78-10098).</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>Research for this article was carried out with support of a grant of the Russian Science Foundation, no. 22-78-10098, «Cultural Citizenship and Local Solidarity: The Experience of Social Inclusion of Museum Audiences in Russia».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абрамов и др. 2023 — Абрамов Р. 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